Harriet Tubman Walk to Freedom Essay - 1023 Words

Imagine a girl and her two little brothers, toes on the edge of the sidewalk; children trying to cross a street. As a big sister, she must go first. She takes a few steps ever so carefully, looking both ways, showing her younger brothers the way. She makes it to the other side of the street then turns to wave them over, telling them to follow exactly what she did and they too would make it across safely. The two little boys take a few steps just like their sister had done, looking both ways, but they are very scared. There are cars coming and they feel they might not make it in time, so they hurry back to the safe side of the street that they had first been on. After the first try, the boys are too frightened to try again by themselves, so†¦show more content†¦Araminta was the first of nine children born to Harriet ‘Rit’ Green, owned by Mary Pattison Brodess, and Ben Ross, owned by Anthony Thompson (Biography). During her childhood years, Harriet’s family was sold and split up many times. When Harriet was thirteen years old, she witnessed a failed escape attempt and was ordered to stop the slave. When she refused, the slave owner hit her in the head with a two-pound weight. â€Å"Harriet suffered from narcoleptic seizures and severe headaches for the rest of her life as a result of this beating (Bradford).† Years later, Harriet married John Tubman and out of fear of being sold, she decided that they would run away. When John declined, Harriet went on her way to the north with two of her brothers. On their journey, her brothers become aware of the dangers and turned back, but Harriet continued on and reached Philadelphia (Tubman). CONCLUSION 1 Harriet, now considered to have reached freedom in the north, found herself lonely without her family. SECOND BODY TOPIC †¢ Although Harriet was now safe and considered free in the north, the vision of her life had not been even slightly reached. †¢ The life Harriet was now living in the north, free but alone, was not the one she wanted to live. †¢ Harriet decided she had to return for her family who was still enslaved in the south; little did she know she would be making multiple trips and saving hundreds of others. KEEP? Beginning her life in theShow MoreRelatedHumanitarian Essay697 Words   |  3 PagesEscape to Freedom Imagine what it would be like to get hit in the head with a two pound weight by protecting another person. Harriet Tubman was born a slave. As a slave, she preferred working outdoors than in the kitchen. She also became known as the â€Å"Conductor of the Underground Railroad.† Without Harriet Tubman, she would not have inspired many people like Martin Luther King Jr. Harriet Tubman is a humanitarian because she helped over 300 slaves escape to their freedom. Harriet Tubman had manyRead MoreHarriet Tubman s Impact On America1011 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2015 Harriet Tubman s Impact on America Many people throughout history have had an impact on America today. During the civil rights era, a long list of people took part in actions that shaped America s ideas of slavery and racism. Harriet Tubman was one of those people and her actions had a huge impact on the U.S. She contributed to the abolishment by leading thousands of slaves to freedom. Harriet Tubman was a Civil Rights rebel who was born into slavery, took a stand for the freedom of allRead MoreNelson Mandela Speeches779 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever looked up at someone because of their accomplishments? What about Nelson Mandela? He fought for freedom of people with different types of colored skin. Same with Harriet Tubman and how she risked her life for freedom. What about Malala Yousafzai and her amazing journey on schooling for girls all over the world? These people are amazing, but what did they do that was so incredible? Nelson Mandela was amazing because of his speeches and how he risked his life, and was inspiring to allRead MoreNelson Mandela, Harriet Tubman, And Patrisse Cullors1500 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Rights- noun: the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. Nelson Mandela, Harriet Tubman, and Patrisse Cullors all share one common trait: civil rights and protecting the freedom of others. Nelson Mandela fought for freedom against the apartheid in South Africa, and was a philanthropist who served as President in South Africa. Harriet Tubman was abolitionist, armed scout and spy, who helped hundreds of slaves escape through the Underground Railroad during the CivilRead MoreHarriet Tubman Bibliography Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Tubman had a saying: â€Å"Never wound a snake; kill it.† What does this mean to you? It means that you should not let something evil live, but destroy it, and make a way for others. She was always doubted, but Harriet Tubman was willing to risk her life and save other slaves from abusive masters. Harriet Tubman was born in the year 1820 in Dorchester County, Maryland. Her parents were Harriet Green and Ben Ross. She is known by the name Harriet Tubman, but her real name was Araminta RossRead MoreHarriet Tubman Dreamed of Freedom1104 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is something we all take for granted now days, where as in the 1820 it was a prized state of living for African American slaves. Some only dreamt of this, while others, such as Harriet Tubman, made this dream a reality. When it was easier to walk away and save herself, Harriet Tubman came back and put everything on the line to make the dream of freedom alive for others. Harriet was born into slavery around 1820 in Dorchester, Maryland to Benjamin Ross and Harriet Green. Her master, EdwardsRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1695 Words   |  7 PagesHarriet Tubman’s success in freeing hundreds of slaves through the Underground Railroad is recognized throughout the world. As an escaped slave herself, she still traveled to the southern states many times to free other slaves. A normal fugitive slave would not put themselves in danger and risk imprisonment, but Harriet Tubman did. Although Harriet Tubman is very popular and every school teaches her life story, not many realize that she had a spy ring and had enormous influence on the Union duringRead MoreHarriet Tubman Fight for Freedom Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesshould take me alive; I should fight for my liberty as long as my strength lasted, and when the time came for me to go, the Lord would let them take me†. The brave women who said these words were Harriet Tub man and she was one of the leaders of the Underground Railroad that helped slaves reach freedom. â€Å"Although not an actual railroad of steel rails, locomotives and steam engines, the Underground Railroad was real nevertheless† (encyclopedia The Civil War and African Americans 329) The term â€Å"UndergroundRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl, By Harriet Tubman And The Fight For Freedom1394 Words   |  6 Pagesbeholder, the notion of freedom varies according to the person describing it. In the context of slavery, for example, the concept of freedom is different in the perspective of enslaved women, enslaved men, or white women. To black women, the idea of freedom was conceived around the concept of family. For white women, freedom meant achieving equal footing with men, and getting their natural rights. And, for the enslaved black man, the idea that they could grasp their own freedom was first found throughRead MoreHarriet Tubm Conductor Of The Underground Railroad1370 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Tubman: Conductor of the Underground Railroad â€Å"On my Underground Railroad, I never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger† (Petry, 15). The story of Harriet Tubman began when she was born into slavery in 1820 on the plantation of Edward Brodas. Tubman was born on a plantation on the eastern Maryland shore during a time that was being plagued with economic uncertainty. More slaves were living with increased anxiety during this time. Along with the economic hardships, slaves

Three Qualities to Succeed. Free Essays

Everyone have dreams, expectations and goals. Some people dream of being famous singers or actors. Other people want to become doctors, nurses, pilots, teachers o something else, the thing is to succeed, to reach their goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Qualities to Succeed. or any similar topic only for you Order Now So what do people need to attain their goals? They need to work hard, to take risks, and they need to have attitude and qualities. There are three qualities necessary for success: passion, perseverance and discipline. Successful people are passionate about what they do, they love what the do and they enjoy at the same time, they feel happy and complete because it’s something that they want to do to being satisfied and meet their expectations. They are creative and hard workers, they try to be original thinking in some many ways to do it as well as they can. It’s important to love what they do to do it well and become a successful person. People should have perseverance to reach their goals, they need practice to improve their abilities, sometimes people feel insecure about what they do, so they might practice to do it better. They should keep going and confront the problems, if something is going wrong just keep trying and face the oppositions. Stay focused on their goals even if some one thinks that they must try to do something else, people need to be persistent enough to stay focused on what they want, they need to be patient and persistent if they want to reach their goals. To succeed people need to be discipline, being responsible of what they do, when they make a mistake they need to be able to fix it. They need to study for attain their goals as much as they can to obtain tools and show confidence about what they are doing. It’s not enough to want to succeed, also people need to wok hard with discipline to meet their goals. People who want to succeed should have perseverance, they need to be discipline to know which way is better to follow their dreams, and the most important quality is the passion. If people enjoy and love what they do, they are going to reach the success. How to cite Three Qualities to Succeed., Papers

Australian Taxation Law for Sole Trader -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Taxation Law for Sole Trader. Answer: Introduction A sole trader operates all the business by him or herself, there is no difference between the business and the trader. The owner of the business has a total control over the business and owns all the business assets and most importantly the owner of the business is responsible for all the business expenses and liabilities. In order to do business as a sole trader, the owner must understand that he is the business and personally liable for the business liabilities. Considering the legal perspective the business is not a separate legal entity from the owner but the owner and the business is one entity. As sole trader one should be aware of the tax as well as other legal requirements, the content of this paper offers tax advice to a client operating a business in Australia. Generally a sole trader pays tax at the individual marginal rate which means the tax rate is above the 30% paid by companies but on the other hand enjoys tax reliefs as well as other benefits discussed in the content of the paper. Tax implication for a sole trader Before starting any business entity, an entrepreneur should consider various legal requirements which in this case includes is taxation rate for a sole trader. There are various tax related implication which a sole proprietor should have knowledge and consider before starting the normal business operations.[1] As sole trader, one should always report to the Australian tax authorities concerning the net income generated in addition to other income and taxed at a personal marginal tax rate. Among other things, a sole proprietor should have consideration for personal asset protection as well as capital gain tax.[2] Another tax implication that should be considered by a sole trader is distribution of the capital as well as the income. Finally, a sole trader should be aware of the cost of setting up the business as well as the running or maintenance cost as this will help with the calculation of the profits as tax. As a sole proprietor there is no difference between the business and the owner of the business, a sole trader therefore pays the same tax as individual player. As sole trader in Australia, one will pay taxes at the normal income tax rates. A sole trader should therefore be aware of the normal tax income rates. If the business is below the tax free threshold level a sole trader will not pay tax just a normal individual.[3] The tax free threshold currently at $ 18,200 for both sole traders and individuals, in case the business worth and the overall income of the trader is below the threshold, the business and the owner will not pay taxes. And this is always an advantage to a sole proprietor since companies as well as other entities pat taxes for every dollar the entity makes. A sole trader business is taxed at the normal individual rate making sole traders to enjoy the tax free threshold in situations where the sole business is below the threshold rate. In relation to what a sole proprietor should pay as tax at the end of every month of financial year, an entrepreneur operating as a sole trader should be aware of the taxation rates paid by individuals in Australia. A sole trader should therefore use the income tax rates set for individual income earners within the nation as follows: $1 $18,200 - Nil $18,201 $37,000 - 19c for each $1 over $18,200 $37,001 $80,000 - $3,572 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $37,000 $80,001 $180,000 - $17,547 plus 37c for each $1 over $80,000 $180,001 and over - $54,547 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000 As already discussed above, when a sole proprietor earns the amount above $ 1 but below the threshold mark of $18,200 the business will in this case make nil returns but in the case where the business and the sole trader makes cash above $18,200 but below $ 37,000, the sole trader will have to pay 19c for every dollar made.[4] A sole trader will file returns of $3500 and additional 32.5c for every dollar below $80,000. In any case the business makes lager amount according then $80,000, the sole trader will have to file $17547 and additional 37c for every dollar made below $180, 000 and finally a sole trader will pay $54,547 plus 45c for every dollar made above $180,000. A sole trader should therefore understand the calculator and pay tax as required by ATO. It is advisable for a sole proprietor to take notice of the some of the obligation set by ATO. As an entrepreneur operating as a sole proprietor the business owner should use his or her individual tax file number when logging to the tax returns since the business and the owner is a single entity. The business owner as mentioned prior should report all the income generated within the tax returns. In relation to the income tax reports, a sole proprietor should be aware that there is no separate tax returns for a sole trader and should use the section for business items to indicate the business income and overall expenses incurred during the trading period.[5] A sole trader should also be aware of ABN, apply for the ABN and utilize it for all the business dealings. Moreover, it is a requirement by ATO for sole traders to register for Goods and Service Tax also known as the GST incase the business turnover is $75,000 and above. [6] As sole proprietor, it is advisable for a sole trader to pay tax at a similar income tax rates as an individual taxpayer. Payment of taxes at the same rate by a sole proprietor will therefore enable a sole proprietor to be eligible to small business tax offsets. Tax offsets are suitable for any business unit since it boots the profit generated by an entity. An individual sole proprietor should also put aside money to settle the end of every financial or trading year. This is usually done by paying Quarterly Pay As You Go (PAYG) installments. According to the ATO, a sole proprietor can claim deduction for any personal contributions he or she makes after notifying the funds to ATO. On the other hand a sole trader should understand that, he or she cannot make deduction claims for any dollar drawn from the business. According to Australian Tax Office any amount drawn from the business are not considered as wages for the purposes of tax as some of the sole traders always taken them or thi n about them as wages. Claims laid on such drawings are therefore invalid and cannot be settled.[7] Conclusion Venturing as a sole proprietor is advisable as sole proprietors pay taxes individual as other citizens in Australia. A sole trader pay tax as individual with the normal rate set by Australian Tax Office. Venturing as sole trader is suitable as the owner of the business do not need to pay tax for every dollar made in the business. The business owner may also enjoy the tax threshold rate, in the case where the business makes money below the threshold rate set by the ATO ($18,200). Finally, the business owner can also enjoy benefits for small business if the returns are persistently paid. References Woellner, R. H., CCH Australia Limited. (2011). Australian taxation law 2011. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. O. B. I. N. H. E. T. A. L. (2017). AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. S.l.: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. Woellner, R. H., CCH Australia Limited. (2013). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H., CCH Australia Limited. (2013). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H. (2012). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Nethercott, L., Richardson, G. A., Devos, K., CCH Australia Limited. (2010). Australian taxation study manual: Questions and suggested solutions. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H. (2010). Australian taxation law 2010. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Woellner, R. H., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D., CCH Australia Limited. (2014). Australian taxation law 2014. Krever, R. E. (2014). Australian taxation law cases 2014: A guide to the leading cases for commerce and law students.

Rhetoric Of Protest Songs Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Rhetoric Of Protest Songs Rhetoric of the protest songs has a very extensive history. The oldest protest song on record is The Cutty Wren from the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 against feudal oppression, nearly six hundred years ago (Songs of Work and Protest 9). Protest music has developed over the years and has made its presence in history. The protest music of Vietnam War is the concentration of this paper. The two main artists of focus are Bob Dylan and John Lennon. Their songs will be analyzed and criticized naritively. Bob Dylan was one of the most influential musicians of the time. Dylan was born in the fine town of Duluth, Minnesota on May 24, 1941. He grew up in Hibbing, My life in a stolen minute, Dylan wrote, Hibbing's a good ol' town. I ran away from it when I was ten, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, fifteen and a half, seventeen an' eighteen. I been caught an' brought back all but once.(Dylan Songs 12). He taught himself how to play the guitar, piano, autoharp, and harmonica. Throughout his experiences he absorbed many different styles of music. Open up your eyes an' ears an' yer influenced an' there's nothing you can do about it . . . I just seem to draw into myself whatever comes my way and it comes out me.(12) He graduated from high school in Hibbing and attended the University of Minnesota for about six months than left for New York and began writing comical-satirical talking blues songs. Next, he moved into a deeper view, of the world through his protest music. Later in his career he entered the integration movement with the song Blowin in the Wind. His biography can be told through his songs, they have always reflected his thoughts, emotions, and life. Dylan's lyrics not only express his personal thoughts, they also relate to the people in the country, mostly the youths in the sixties, and to the soldiers that fought in the war. One of the main songs that rallies against Vietnam is A Hard Rain's A Gonna Fall. The song is depicting the atmosphere and experiences of the soldier in Vietnam. My blue-eyed son symbolizes the United States soldiers in Vietnam. Each verse appears to contain a correlation to events over seas. I saw ten thousand talkers whose tongues were all broken, this coincides with the numerous failed peace talks. I saw guns and sharp swords in the hands of young children, most of the men fighting were very young, sixty-one percent of the men killed were twenty-one or younger (War Information and Statistics). I heard the sound of thunder, it roared out a warnin' This directly refers to the massive amount of bombs being dropped. During the entire war, the United States dropped nearly eight million tons of bombs, four tim es the tonnage dropped during all of World War II. It is the largest display of firepower in the history of warfare (War Information and Statistics). The section of the song in which he sings of who did you meet covers the different plights the troops faced. The young innocent children that died, the racial tension between soldiers, missing their families and being consumed by hatred because of the death they were surrounded by. Where the pellets of poison are flooding their waters vividly images the use of Napalm, a petroleum based anti-personnel bomb that showers hundreds of explosive pellets upon impact (War Information and Statistics). The chorus of the song, And it's a hard rain's a-gonna fall is interpreted by the many men that fell to the war and lost their lives. A total of 58,202 men lost their lives in Vietnam. The most significant metaphorical phrase in this piece of rhetoric is contained in the last two verses of the song. Then I'll stand on the ocean until I start sinki n', But I'll know my song well before I start singin' He is telling the story of all the soldiers who understand they were going to loose their lives. Dylan formed the song into the time sequence of the war. First he questions where they could be, Oh, where have you been, my darling young one? The question of family and friends where

Free UK Essay Sample

Free UK Essay SampleThe UK Essay Sample is an organization which helps students and young adults to express their thoughts and ideas in the form of essays. They want to get feedback from students so that they can improve the quality of their work.The UK Essay Sample provides free help for students as well as the students who want to express their opinions. In fact, it is a place where students can write about anything they want. They can even select from any topic as long as they find a good subject. You can find the online application form for your homework assignment there.When you submit your assignment, you can just fill up the form with the required information and the course will automatically add the entries into the program. You can also provide the links of your papers to any school personnel or teachers. However, you must remember that your assignment must be appropriate and above reproach.The free online essay assignment form is designed for students as well as teachers to be used for an easy and quick grading process. Students can work independently and come up with great essays on various topics. The essays must be well thought out and complete and the essay must include all the required details.All the essays and reviews are based on the regular lectures and the course contains many readings and assignments. The assignments are so extensive that the students will be put to a test on the subject. There are no exclusions for the essays either.The course itself has hundreds of learning materials and many of them can be accessed by the students from the website. You can find lots of videos to make your essay better and one of the videos will guide you as well as show the correct way of expression. Moreover, the videos teach you about the appropriate grammar and also its rules.Before starting to work on your essay, you must decide on the subject and write the essay that includes the necessary information that you need to make your composition complete. If you are having problems in writing, you can always seek assistance from the UK Essay Sample. These Essay Tips and techniques to help students to improve their writing skills in no time at all.

Data Sources For Sociological Research

Data Sources For Sociological Research In conducting research, sociologists draw upon data from a variety of sources on different subjects: economy, finance, demography, health, education, crime, culture, environment, agriculture, etc. This data is gathered and made available by governments, social science scholars, and students from various disciplines. When the data are available electronically for analysis, they are typically called data sets. Many sociological research studies do not require the gathering of original data for analysis, especially since there are so many agencies and researchers gathering, publishing, or otherwise distributing data all the time. Sociologists may explore, analyze, and illuminate this data in new ways for different purposes. Below are a few of the many options for accessing data, depending on the topic you are studying. U.S. Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census and serves as a leading source of data about Americas people and economy. It also gathers other national and economic data, many of which are available online. The U.S. Census Bureau website includes data from the Economic Census, the American Community Survey, the 1990 Census, the 2000 Census, and current population estimates. Also available are interactive internet tools that include mapping tools and data at the national, state, county, and city level. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics The Bureau Of Labor Statistics is a branch of the United States Department of Labor and is the government agency that is responsible for collecting data about employment, unemployment, pay and benefits, consumer spending, work productivity, workplace injuries, employment projections, international labor comparisons, and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Data can be accessed online in a variety of formats. The National Center for Health Statistics The National Center For Health Statistics (NCHS) is a part of the Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) and is responsible for collecting data from birth and death records, medical records, interview surveys, and through direct physical exams and laboratory testing in order to provide important surveillance information that helps identify and address critical health problems in the United States. Data available on the website include Healthy People 2010 data, Injury data, National Death Index data, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. TheDataWeb Data Web: Data Ferrett is a network of online data libraries based on datasets provided by several U.S. government agencies including the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Center for Disease Control. Data topics include census data, economic data, health data, income, and unemployment data, population data, labor data, cancer data, crime and transportation data, family dynamics, and vital statistics data. Users need to download the DataFerret application (available from that site) in order to access and use the datasets. The National Survey of Families and Households National Survey Of Families And Households (NSFH) was designed to provide a broad range of information on family life to serve as a resource for research across disciplinary perspectives. A considerable amount of life-history information was collected, including the respondents family living arrangements in childhood, departures and returns to the parental home, and histories of marriage, cohabitation, education, fertility, and employment. The design permits the detailed description of past and current living arrangements and other characteristics and experiences, as well as the analysis of the consequences of earlier patterns on current states, marital and parenting relationships, kin contact, and economic and psychological well-being. Interviews were conducted in 1987-88, 1992-94, and 2001-2003. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in the United States during the 1994/1995 school year. The Add Health cohort has been followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent in 2008 when the sample was aged 24 to 32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents social, economic, psychological and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships, providing unique opportunities to study how social environments and behaviors in adolescence are linked to health and achievement outcomes in young adulthood. The fourth wave of interviews expanded the collection of biological data in Add Health to understand the social, behavioral, and biological linkages in health trajectories as the Add Health cohort ages through adulthood. Sources Carolina Population Center. (2011). Add Health. cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealthCenter for Demography, University of Wisconsin. (2008). National Survey of Families and Households. ssc.wisc.edu/nsfh/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). cdc.gov/nchs/about.htm

WASP - Women Pilots of World War II

WASP - Women Pilots of World War II In the United States, women pilots were trained to fly non-combat missions in order to free male pilots for combat missions. They ferried planes from the manufacturing plants to military bases, and ended up doing much more - including flying new aircraft such as the B-29, to prove to male pilots that these were not as difficult to fly as the men thought! Well before World War II became imminent, women had made their mark as pilots. Amelia Earhart, Jacqueline Cochran, Nancy Harkness Love, Bessie Coleman and Harriet Quimby were only a few of the women record-holders in aviation. In 1939, women were allowed to be part of the Civilian Pilot Training Program, a program designed to train college students to fly, with an eye to national defense. But women were limited by quota to one woman for every ten men in the program. Jackie Cochran and Nancy Harkness Love separately proposed the use by the military of women. Cochran lobbied Eleanor Roosevelt, writing a 1940 letter urging that a womens division of the Air Force be established especially to ferry planes from manufacturing plants to military bases. With no such American program supporting the Allies in their war effort, Cochran and 25 other American women pilots joined the British Air Transportation Auxiliary. Shortly after, Nancy Harkness Love was successful in getting the Womens Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) established, and a few women were hired. Jackie Cochran returned to establish the Womens Flying Training Detachment (WFTD). On August 5, 1943, these two efforts - WAFS and WFTD - merged to become the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), with Cochran as director. More than 25,000 women applied - with requirements including a pilots license and many hours experience. The first class graduated on December 17, 1943. The women had to pay their own way to the training program in Texas. A total of 1830 were accepted into training and 1074 women graduated from WASP training during its existence, plus 28 WAFS. The women were trained the Army way and their graduation rate was similar to that for male military pilots. The WASP was never militarized, and those who served as WASP were considered civil service employees. There was considerable opposition to the WASP program in the press and in Congress. General Henry Hap Arnold, US Army Air Force commander, first supported the program, then disbanded it. The WASP was deactivated December 20, 1944, having flown about 60 million miles in operations. Thirty-eight WASP were killed, including some during training. Records of WASP were classified and sealed, so historians minimized or ignored the women pilots. In 1977 - the same year the Air Force graduated its first post-WASP women pilots - Congress granted veteran status to those who had served as WASP, and in 1979 issued official honorable discharges. Wings Across America is a project to tape memories of WASP. Note: WASP is the correct use even in the plural for the program. WASPs is incorrect, because the P stands for Pilots so its already plural.